Django and AJAX

Author:	voluntas(Twisted Mind)
Title:	Django and AJAX
Keywords:	Django, Python, JSON, jQuery, YUI
Version:	1.0.1
License:	GNU Free Document License
Date:	6 Dec 2006

Note

Python Workshop 04 presentation materials.

Contents

Django?

Python Web Framework

自分が短時間で思いついたモノをいくつか。短時間で思いつく→現実的

魅力

ドキュメントが充実してます
そのドキュメントすべての日本語翻訳があります
gettextによる日本語化が殆ど終ってます
フルスクラッチなのでまとまっています
XMLによる設定ファイル?YAMLよる設定ファイル?なんですかそれ?

利点

強力なActiveRecordパターンのO/R Mapper
高速なテンプレートエンジン
URLによるコントローラーとの関連付け
MySQL PostgreSQL Oracle MSSQL SQLiteに対応
管理画面があるので開発が楽
強力なデバッグスクリーン

欠点

マルチDBが使用できない
AJAXが組み込まれてない？後ほどお話しします。

MTV(Model Template View)

図はありません

request -> URL Dispatcher -> Views and Models -> Template -> request

Simple is better than complex.

しんぷるいずべすと
コードは自分で書け
最初に生成されるファイルは少ない、そのうえ中身はほとんど空っぽ

Django!

Install

Note

www.ymasuda.jp

Installation guide: http://www.ymasuda.jp/python/django/docs/install.html

Tip

Installing minimal Django on Win32 environemnt

http://www.ymasuda.jp/python/django/minimal_win32_django_installation.html

Development Environment

Django:	0.96-pre 4150 + patch
Python:	2.5 or 2.4.4
PostgreSQL:	8.1.5

Hello, django!

 $ django-admin.py startproject workshop
 $ cd workshop
 $ python manage.py startapp firststep
 $ cp urls.py ./firststep
 $ python manage.py runserver

It worked!:

http://localhost:8000/

 workshop/
   firststep/
     __init__.py
     models.py
     urls.py
     views.py
   __init__.py
   manage.py
   settings.py
   urls.py

/workshop/settings.py:

 INSTALLED_APPS = (
     'django.contrib.auth',
     'django.contrib.contenttypes',
     'django.contrib.sessions',
     'django.contrib.sites',

     'workshop.firststep',
 )

/workshop/urls.py:

 from django.conf.urls.defaults import *

 urlpatterns = patterns('',
     (r'^firststep/', include('workshop.firststep.urls')),

     # Uncomment this for admin:
 #    (r'^admin/', include('django.contrib.admin.urls')),
 )

/workshop/firststep/views.py:

 from django.http import HttpResponse

 def hello_django(request):
     return HttpResponse('Hello, django!')

/workshop/firststep/urls.py:

 from django.conf.urls.defaults import *
 from workshop.firststep.views import hello_django

 urlpatterns = patterns('',
     (r'^hello/django/$', hello_django),
 )

Hello, world!:

http://localhost:8000/firststep/hello/django/

View

/workshop/firststep/urls.py:

 from django.conf.urls.defaults import *
 from workshop.firststep.views import *

 urlpatterns = patterns('',
     (r'^hello/python/$', hello_python),
     (r'^hello/ruby/$', hello_ruby),

     (r'^hello/django/$', hello_django),
 )

/workshop/firststep/views.py:

 from django.http import HttpResponse, HttpResponseRedirect

 def hello_django(request):
     return HttpResponse('Hello, django!')

 def hello_python(request):
     data = 'Simple is better than complex.'

     return HttpResponse(data)

 def hello_ruby(request):

     return HttpResponseRedirect('/firststep/hello/python/')

Hello, Python!:	http://localhost:8000/firststep/hello/python/
Hello, Ruby?:	http://localhost:8000/firststep/hello/ruby/

URL dispatcher

/workshop/firststep/urls.py:

 from django.conf.urls.defaults import *
 from workshop.firststep.views import *

 urlpatterns = patterns('',
     (r'^hello/django/$', hello_django),

     (r'^hello/python/$', hello_python),
     (r'^hello/ruby/$', hello_ruby),

     (r'^which/(Python|ruby)/$', python_or_ruby),
     (r'^select/(?P<language>.+)/$', select_language),
 )

/workshop/django/views.py:

 from django.http import HttpResponse, HttpResponseRedirect

 def hello_django(request):
     return HttpResponse('Hello, django!')

 def hello_python(request):
     data = 'Simple is better than complex.'

     return HttpResponse(data)

 def hello_ruby(request):

     return HttpResponseRedirect('/firststep/hello/python/')

 def python_or_ruby(request, language):
     return HttpResponse('%s is nice programing language...' % language)

 def select_language(request, language):
     return HttpResponse('%s is bad programing language...' % language)

Python? Ruby? Others?:

Python:	http://localhost:8000/firststep/which/Python/
python:	http://localhost:8000/firststep/which/python/
ruby:	http://localhost:8000/firststep/which/ruby/
perl:	http://localhost:8000/firststep/which/perl/

Any language:

Java:	http://localhost:8000/firststep/select/Java/
Perl:	http://localhost:8000/firststep/select/Perl/

Note

www.ymasuda.jp

URL configuration: http://www.ymasuda.jp/python/django/docs/url_dispatch.html

Model

 $ python manage.py startapp blog
 $ cp urls.py ./blog

/workshop/blog/models.py:

 from django.db import models
 from django.contrib.auth.models import User

 class Label(models.Model):
     name = models.CharField(maxlength=128)
     created = models.DateTimeField(auto_now_add=True)

     class Admin:
         pass

 class Entry(models.Model):
     title = models.CharField(maxlength=32)
     user = models.ForeignKey(User)
     body = models.TextField()
     created = models.DateTimeField(auto_now_add=True)
     updated = models.DateTimeField(auto_now=True)
     tag = models.ManyToManyField(Label)

     class Admin:
         pass

     class Meta:
         verbose_name_plural = 'entries'

     def get_absolute_url(self):
         return '/blog/%s/' % self.id

 class Comment(models.Model):
     name = models.CharField(maxlength=32)
     url = models.URLField()
     mail = models.EmailField()
     body = models.TextField()
     created = models.DateTimeField(auto_now_add=True)
     entry = models.ForeignKey(Entry)

     class Admin:
         pass

/workshop/settings.py:

 DATABASE_ENGINE = 'postgresql_psycopg2'
 DATABASE_NAME = 'workshop' 
 DATABASE_USER = 'django'
 DATABASE_PASSWORD = 'django'

 TIME_ZONE = 'Asia/Tokyo'

 LANGUAGE_CODE = 'ja'

 INSTALLED_APPS = (
     'django.contrib.auth',
     'django.contrib.contenttypes',
     'django.contrib.sessions',
     'django.contrib.sites',

     'workshop.firststep',
     'workshop.blog',
 )

 $ python manage.py syncdb

 Creating table auth_message
 Creating table auth_group
 Creating table auth_user
 Creating table auth_permission
 Creating table django_content_type
 Creating table django_session
 Creating table django_site
 Creating table blog_comment
 Creating table blog_entry
 Creating table blog_label

 You just installed Django's auth system, \
 which means you don't have any superusers defined.
 Would you like to create one now? (yes/no): yes
 Username: admin
 E-mail address: admin@django.ja
 Password: admin
 Password (again): admin
 Superuser created successfully.
 Installing index for auth.Message model
 Installing index for auth.Permission model
 Installing index for blog.Comment model
 Installing index for blog.Entry model

django-admin.py or manage.py

CREATE TABLE SQL 文を出力。

 $ python manage.py sql blog

 BEGIN;
 CREATE TABLE "blog_comment" (
     "id" serial NOT NULL PRIMARY KEY,
     "name" varchar(32) NOT NULL,
     "url" varchar(200) NOT NULL,
     "mail" varchar(75) NOT NULL,
     "body" text NOT NULL,
     "created" timestamp with time zone NOT NULL,
     "entry_id" integer NOT NULL
 );
 CREATE TABLE "blog_entry" (
     "id" serial NOT NULL PRIMARY KEY,
     "title" varchar(32) NOT NULL,
     "user_id" integer NOT NULL REFERENCES "auth_user" ("id"),
     "body" text NOT NULL,
     "created" timestamp with time zone NOT NULL,
     "updated" timestamp with time zone NOT NULL
 );
 ALTER TABLE "blog_comment" ADD CONSTRAINT entry_id_refs_id_2ebcee0 FOREIGN KEY (
 "entry_id") REFERENCES "blog_entry" ("id");
 CREATE TABLE "blog_label" (
     "id" serial NOT NULL PRIMARY KEY,
     "name" varchar(128) NOT NULL,
     "created" timestamp with time zone NOT NULL
 );
 CREATE TABLE "blog_entry_tag" (
     "id" serial NOT NULL PRIMARY KEY,
     "entry_id" integer NOT NULL REFERENCES "blog_entry" ("id"),
     "label_id" integer NOT NULL REFERENCES "blog_label" ("id"),
     UNIQUE ("entry_id", "label_id")
 );
 COMMIT;

DROP TABLE SQL 文を出力

 $ python manage.py sqlclear blog

 BEGIN;
 DROP TABLE "blog_entry_tag";
 DROP TABLE "blog_label";
 ALTER TABLE "blog_comment" DROP CONSTRAINT "entry_id_refs_id_2ebcee0";
 DROP TABLE "blog_entry";
 DROP TABLE "blog_comment";
 



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Django and AJAX
Author:  voluntas(Twisted Mind)

Title:  Django and AJAX

Keywords:  Django, Python, JSON, jQuery, YUI

Version:  1.0.1

License:  GNU Free Document License

Date:  6 Dec 2006



Note


Python Workshop 04 presentation materials.




Contents

 Django and AJAX
  Django?
   Python Web Framework
   MTV(Model Template View)
   Simple is better than complex.
  Django!
   Install
   Development Environment
   Hello, django!
   View
   URL dispatcher
   Model
    django-admin.py or manage.py
    Admin
   Templates
    extends
    tag
    filter
   Generic Views
    simple
    date_base
    list_detail
    create_update
  Django and AJAX?
   Blog  
   Serializers
    XML
    JSON
    JSON and XML
   Django and JSON
    simplejson
  Django and AJAX?
    jQuery
    YUI(Yahoo! User Interface)
  et cetera
   Windows
   Japanese Validator


Django?
Python Web Framework


自分が短時間で思いついたモノをいくつか。
短時間で思いつく→現実的



魅力






ドキュメントが充実してます






そのドキュメントすべての日本語翻訳があります






gettextによる日本語化が殆ど終ってます






フルスクラッチなのでまとまっています






XMLによる設定ファイル?YAMLよる設定ファイル?なんですかそれ?







利点






強力なActiveRecordパターンのO/R Mapper






高速なテンプレートエンジン






URLによるコントローラーとの関連付け






MySQL PostgreSQL Oracle MSSQL SQLiteに対応






管理画面があるので開発が楽






強力なデバッグスクリーン







欠点






マルチDBが使用できない






AJAXが組み込まれてない？後ほどお話しします。





MTV(Model Template View)


図はありません



request -> URL Dispatcher -> Views and Models -> Template -> request


Simple is better than complex.




しんぷるいずべすと






コードは自分で書け






最初に生成されるファイルは少ない、そのうえ中身はほとんど空っぽ





Django!
Install

Note


www.ymasuda.jp



    



Installation guide: http://www.ymasuda.jp/python/django/docs/install.html







Tip


Installing minimal Django on Win32 environemnt



    



http://www.ymasuda.jp/python/django/minimal_win32_django_installation.html






Development Environment
Django:  0.96-pre 4150 + patch

Python:  2.5 or 2.4.4

PostgreSQL:  8.1.5


Hello, django!

 $ django-admin.py startproject workshop
 $ cd workshop
 $ python manage.py startapp firststep
 $ cp urls.py ./firststep
 $ python manage.py runserver


It worked!:  http://localhost:8000/


 workshop/
   firststep/
     __init__.py
     models.py
     urls.py
     views.py
   __init__.py
   manage.py
   settings.py
   urls.py



/workshop/settings.py:



 INSTALLED_APPS = (
     'django.contrib.auth',
     'django.contrib.contenttypes',
     'django.contrib.sessions',
     'django.contrib.sites',

     'workshop.firststep',
 )



/workshop/urls.py:



 from django.conf.urls.defaults import *

 urlpatterns = patterns('',
     (r'^firststep/', include('workshop.firststep.urls')),

     # Uncomment this for admin:
 #    (r'^admin/', include('django.contrib.admin.urls')),
 )



/workshop/firststep/views.py:



 from django.http import HttpResponse

 def hello_django(request):
     return HttpResponse('Hello, django!')



/workshop/firststep/urls.py:



 from django.conf.urls.defaults import *
 from workshop.firststep.views import hello_django

 urlpatterns = patterns('',
     (r'^hello/django/$', hello_django),
 )


Hello, world!:  http://localhost:8000/firststep/hello/django/

View


/workshop/firststep/urls.py:



 from django.conf.urls.defaults import *
 from workshop.firststep.views import *

 urlpatterns = patterns('',
     (r'^hello/python/$', hello_python),
     (r'^hello/ruby/$', hello_ruby),

     (r'^hello/django/$', hello_django),
 )



/workshop/firststep/views.py:



 from django.http import HttpResponse, HttpResponseRedirect

 def hello_django(request):
     return HttpResponse('Hello, django!')

 def hello_python(request):
     data = 'Simple is better than complex.'

     return HttpResponse(data)

 def hello_ruby(request):

     return HttpResponseRedirect('/firststep/hello/python/')


Hello, Python!:  http://localhost:8000/firststep/hello/python/
Hello, Ruby?:  http://localhost:8000/firststep/hello/ruby/

URL dispatcher


/workshop/firststep/urls.py:



 from django.conf.urls.defaults import *
 from workshop.firststep.views import *

 urlpatterns = patterns('',
     (r'^hello/django/$', hello_django),

     (r'^hello/python/$', hello_python),
     (r'^hello/ruby/$', hello_ruby),

     (r'^which/(Python|ruby)/$', python_or_ruby),
     (r'^select/(?P<language>.+)/$', select_language),
 )



/workshop/django/views.py:



 from django.http import HttpResponse, HttpResponseRedirect

 def hello_django(request):
     return HttpResponse('Hello, django!')

 def hello_python(request):
     data = 'Simple is better than complex.'

     return HttpResponse(data)

 def hello_ruby(request):

     return HttpResponseRedirect('/firststep/hello/python/')

 def python_or_ruby(request, language):
     return HttpResponse('%s is nice programing language...' % language)

 def select_language(request, language):
     return HttpResponse('%s is bad programing language...' % language)



Python? Ruby? Others?:


Python:  http://localhost:8000/firststep/which/Python/

python:  http://localhost:8000/firststep/which/python/

ruby:  http://localhost:8000/firststep/which/ruby/

perl:  http://localhost:8000/firststep/which/perl/



Any language:


Java:  http://localhost:8000/firststep/select/Java/

Perl:  http://localhost:8000/firststep/select/Perl/


Note


www.ymasuda.jp



    



URL configuration: http://www.ymasuda.jp/python/django/docs/url_dispatch.html






Model

 $ python manage.py startapp blog
 $ cp urls.py ./blog



/workshop/blog/models.py:



 from django.db import models
 from django.contrib.auth.models import User

 class Label(models.Model):
     name = models.CharField(maxlength=128)
     created = models.DateTimeField(auto_now_add=True)

     class Admin:
         pass

 class Entry(models.Model):
     title = models.CharField(maxlength=32)
     user = models.ForeignKey(User)
     body = models.TextField()
     created = models.DateTimeField(auto_now_add=True)
     updated = models.DateTimeField(auto_now=True)
     tag = models.ManyToManyField(Label)

     class Admin:
         pass

     class Meta:
         verbose_name_plural = 'entries'

     def get_absolute_url(self):
         return '/blog/%s/' % self.id

 class Comment(models.Model):
     name = models.CharField(maxlength=32)
     url = models.URLField()
     mail = models.EmailField()
     body = models.TextField()
     created = models.DateTimeField(auto_now_add=True)
     entry = models.ForeignKey(Entry)

     class Admin:
         pass



/workshop/settings.py:



 DATABASE_ENGINE = 'postgresql_psycopg2'
 DATABASE_NAME = 'workshop' 
 DATABASE_USER = 'django'
 DATABASE_PASSWORD = 'django'

 TIME_ZONE = 'Asia/Tokyo'

 LANGUAGE_CODE = 'ja'

 INSTALLED_APPS = (
     'django.contrib.auth',
     'django.contrib.contenttypes',
     'django.contrib.sessions',
     'django.contrib.sites',

     'workshop.firststep',
     'workshop.blog',
 )


 $ python manage.py syncdb

 Creating table auth_message
 Creating table auth_group
 Creating table auth_user
 Creating table auth_permission
 Creating table django_content_type
 Creating table django_session
 Creating table django_site
 Creating table blog_comment
 Creating table blog_entry
 Creating table blog_label

 You just installed Django's auth system, \
 which means you don't have any superusers defined.
 Would you like to create one now? (yes/no): yes
 Username: admin
 E-mail address: admin@django.ja
 Password: admin
 Password (again): admin
 Superuser created successfully.
 Installing index for auth.Message model
 Installing index for auth.Permission model
 Installing index for blog.Comment model
 Installing index for blog.Entry model


django-admin.py or manage.py




CREATE TABLE SQL 文を出力。






 $ python manage.py sql blog



 BEGIN;
 CREATE TABLE "blog_comment" (
     "id" serial NOT NULL PRIMARY KEY,
     "name" varchar(32) NOT NULL,
     "url" varchar(200) NOT NULL,
     "mail" varchar(75) NOT NULL,
     "body" text NOT NULL,
     "created" timestamp with time zone NOT NULL,
     "entry_id" integer NOT NULL
 );
 CREATE TABLE "blog_entry" (
     "id" serial NOT NULL PRIMARY KEY,
     "title" varchar(32) NOT NULL,
     "user_id" integer NOT NULL REFERENCES "auth_user" ("id"),
     "body" text NOT NULL,
     "created" timestamp with time zone NOT NULL,
     "updated" timestamp with time zone NOT NULL
 );
 ALTER TABLE "blog_comment" ADD CONSTRAINT entry_id_refs_id_2ebcee0 FOREIGN KEY (
 "entry_id") REFERENCES "blog_entry" ("id");
 CREATE TABLE "blog_label" (
     "id" serial NOT NULL PRIMARY KEY,
     "name" varchar(128) NOT NULL,
     "created" timestamp with time zone NOT NULL
 );
 CREATE TABLE "blog_entry_tag" (
     "id" serial NOT NULL PRIMARY KEY,
     "entry_id" integer NOT NULL REFERENCES "blog_entry" ("id"),
     "label_id" integer NOT NULL REFERENCES "blog_label" ("id"),
     UNIQUE ("entry_id", "label_id")
 );
 COMMIT;






DROP TABLE SQL 文を出力






 $ python manage.py sqlclear blog



 BEGIN;
 DROP TABLE "blog_entry_tag";
 DROP TABLE "blog_label";
 ALTER TABLE "blog_comment" DROP CONSTRAINT "entry_id_refs_id_2ebcee0";
 DROP TABLE "blog_entry";
 DROP TABLE "blog_comment";
 COMMIT;


Admin

 $ python manage.py shell

 >>> from workshop.blog.models import Entry
 >>> entry = Entry(title='Today is ...', user='admin', body='etc...')
 >>> entry.save()



/workshop/settings.py:



 INSTALLED_APPS = (
     'django.contrib.auth',
     'django.contrib.contenttypes',
     'django.contrib.sites',
     'django.contrib.admin',

     'workshop.firststep',
     'workshop.blog',
 )



/workshop/urls.py:



 from django.conf.urls.defaults import *

 urlpatterns = patterns('',
     (r'^firststep/', include('workshop.firststep.urls')),

     (r'^admin/', include('django.contrib.admin.urls')),
 )


 $ python manage.py syncdb

 Creating table django_admin_log
 Installing index for admin.LogEntry model


Django administration:  http://localhost:8000/admin/



/workshop/blog/models.py:



 from django.db import models
 from django.contrib.auth.models import User

 class Label(models.Model):
     name = models.CharField(maxlength=128)
     created = models.DateTimeField(auto_now_add=True)

     class Admin:
         list_display = ('name', 'created')

     def __str__(self):
         return self.name

 class Entry(models.Model):
     title = models.CharField(maxlength=32)
     user = models.ForeignKey(User)
     body = models.TextField()
     created = models.DateTimeField(auto_now_add=True)
     updated = models.DateTimeField(auto_now=True)
     tag = models.ManyToManyField(Label,
         filter_interface=models.HORIZONTAL)

     class Admin:
         list_display = ('title', 'user', 'created', 'updated')
         list_filter = ('created', 'updated')
         list_select_related = True
         search_fields = ('title', 'body')
         date_hierarchy = 'created'
         ordering = ('created', 'updated')

     class Meta:
         verbose_name_plural = 'entries'

     def __str__(self):
         return self.title

     def get_absolute_url(self):
         return '/blog/%s/' % self.id

 class Comment(models.Model):
     name = models.CharField(maxlength=32)
     url = models.URLField(null=True, blank=True)
     mail = models.EmailField(null=True, blank=True)
     body = models.TextField()
     created = models.DateTimeField(auto_now_add=True)
     entry = models.ForeignKey(Entry)

     class Admin:
         list_display = ('name', 'entry', 'created')
         list_filter = ('created', 'entry')
         search_fields = ('name', 'body')
         date_hierarchy = 'created'
         ordering = ('created', )

     def __str__(self):
         return self.name


Django administration:  http://localhost:8000/admin/


 $ python manage.py shell

 >>> from workshop.blog.models import *
 >>> entries = Entry.objects.all()
 >>> entry = entries[0]
 >>> entry.user.username
 >>> entry.title

 >>> entry = Entry.objects.get(1)
 >>> entry.body
 >>> entry.created



Note


www.ymasuda.jp



    



Creating models: http://www.ymasuda.jp/python/django/docs/model-api.html






The database API: http://www.ymasuda.jp/python/django/docs/db-api.html






Templates

 $ mkdir templates
 $ cd templates
 $ mkdir blog


 workshop/
   __init__.py
   manage.py
   settings.py
   urls.py
   firststep/
   templates/
     blog/
       base.html
       entry_detail_template.html
       entry_list_template.html
       entry_detail_filter.html
   blog/
     __init__.py
     models.py
     urls.py
     views.py



/wrokshop/settings.py:



 import os.path
 TEMPLATE_DIRS = (
     os.path.join(os.path.dirname(__file__), 'templates'),
 )



/workshop/urls.py:



 from django.conf.urls.defaults import *

 urlpatterns = patterns('',
     (r'^firststep/', include('workshop.firststep.urls')),

     (r'^blog/', include('workshop.blog.urls')),

     (r'^admin/', include('django.contrib.admin.urls')),
 )



/workshop/blog/views.py:



 from django.shortcuts import render_to_response

 from workshop.blog.models import Entry

 def entry_detail(request, entry_id):
     entry = Entry.objects.get(pk=entry_id)

     return render_to_response('blog/entry_detail_template.html',
         dict(entry=entry))

 def entry_list(request):
     entries = Entry.objects.all()

     return render_to_response('blog/entry_list_template.html',
         dict(entries=entries))

 def entry_detail_and_filter(request, entry_id):
     entry = Entry.objects.get(pk=entry_id)

     return render_to_response('blog/entry_detail_filter.html',
         dict(entry=entry))



/workshop/blog/urls.py:



 from django.conf.urls.defaults import *
 from workshop.blog.views import *

 urlpatterns = patterns('',
     (r'^(?P<entry_id>\d)/$', entry_detail),
     (r'^$', entry_list),
     (r'^filter/(?P<entry_id>\d)/$', entry_detail_and_filter)
 )


extends


/workshop/blog/views.py:



 def entry_detail(request, entry_id):
     entry = Entry.objects.get(entry_id)

     return render_to_response('blog/entry_detail_template.html',
         dict(entry=entry))



/workshop/templates/blog/base_template.html:



 <html>
   <head>
     <title>{% block title %}{% endblock %}</title>
   </head>
   <body>
     {% block contents %}
     {% endblock %}
   </body>
 </html>



/workshop/templates/blog/entry_detail_template.html:



 {% extends "blog/base_template.html" %}

 {% block title %}{{ entry.title }}{% endblock %}

 {% block contents %}
   <p>{{ entry.title }}<p>
   <p>{{ entry.body }}</p>
   <p>{{ entry.created }} {{ entry.user.username }}</p>
 {% endblock %}


Entry Detail:  http://localhost:8000/blog/1/

Page not found (404):  http://localhost:8000/blog/10/

tag


/workshop/blog/views.py:



 def entry_list(request):
     entries = Entry.objects.all()

     return render_to_response('blog/entry_list_template.html', 
         dict(entries=entries))



/workshop/template/blog/entry_list_template.html:



 {% extends "blog/base_template.html" %}

 {% block title %}Blog Entry List{% endblock %}

 {% block contents %}
   <b>Blog Entry List</b>
   {% if entries %}
   <ul>
     {% for entry in entries %}
     <li>
       <a href="{{ entry.get_absolute_url }}">
       {{ entry.title }} by {{ entry.user.username }}</a>
     </li>
     {% endfor %}
   </ul>
   {% endif %}

 {% endblock %}


Entry List:  http://localhost:8000/blog/

filter


/workshop/blog/views.py:



 def entry_detail_and_filter(request, entry_id):
     entry = Entry.objects.get(pk=entry_id)

     return render_to_response('blog/entry_detail_filter.html',
         dict(entry=entry))



/workshop/templates/blog/entry_detail_filter.html:



 {% extends "blog/base_template.html" %}

 {% block title %}{{ entry.title }}{% endblock %}

 {% block contents %}
   <p>{{ entry.title }}<p>
   <p>{{ entry.body|linebreaksbr }}</p>
   <p>{{ entry.created|date:"Y/m/d H:i:s" }}
   {{ entry.user.username|upper }}</p>
 {% endblock %}


Entry Detail and Filter:  http://localhost:8000/blog/filter/1/
Entry Detail not Filter:  http://localhost:8000/blog/1/


Note


www.ymasuda.jp



    



Guide for HTMLLauthors: http://www.ymasuda.jp/python/django/docs/templates.html






Guide for Python programmers: http://www.ymasuda.jp/python/django/docs/templates_python.html






Generic Views
simple




direct_to_template






direct_to:







 from django.conf.urls.defaults import *
 from django.views.generic import simple

 urlpatterns = patterns('',
     (r'^hello/ruby/$', simple.direct_to,
         dict(url='/firststep/hello/python/')),
 )


date_base




archive_index






archive_year






archive_month






archive_week






archive_day






archive_today






object_detail





list_detail




object_detail:







 from django.conf.urls.defaults import *
 from django.views.generic import object_detail

 from workshop.blog.models import Entry

 queryset = dict(queryset=Entry.objects.all())
 urlpatterns = patterns('',
     (r'^(?P<object_id>\d)/$', list_detail.object_detail, queryset),
 )






object_list:







 from django.conf.urls.defaults import *
 from django.views.generic import object_detail

 from workshop.blog.models import Entry

 queryset = dict(queryset=Entry.objects.all())
 urlpatterns = patterns('',
     (r'^$', list_detail.object_list, queryset),
 )


create_update




create_object:







 from django.conf.urls.defaults import *
 from django.views.generic import create_update

 from workshop.blog.models import Entry

 model = dict(model=Entry)
 urlpatterns = patterns('',
     (r'^create/$', create_update.object_create, model),
 )






update_object:







 from django.conf.urls.defaults import *
 from django.views.generic import create_update

 from workshop.blog.models import Entry

 model = dict(model=Entry)
 urlpatterns = patterns('',
     (r'^update/(?P<object_id>\d+)/$', create_update.object_update, model),
 )






delete_object






Note


www.ymasuda.jp



    



Generic views: http://www.ymasuda.jp/python/django/docs/generic_views.html






Django and AJAX?
Blog  

 workshop/
   __init__.py
   manage.py
   settings.py
   urls.py
   templates/
     blog/
       base.html
       entry_detail.html
       entry_list.html
       entry_detail_filter.html
   firststep/
   blog/
     __init__.py
     urls.py
     views.py
     models.py



Tip


www.ymasuda.jp



    



Serving static/media files: http://ymasuda.jp/python/django/docs/static_files.html








/workshop/blog/urls.py:



 from django.conf.urls.defaults import *

 from workshop.blog.models import Entry
 from workshop.blog.views import *

 entry_queryset = dict(queryset=Entry.objects.all())

 urlpatterns = patterns('',
     (r'^(?P<entry_id>\d+)/ajax/xml/$', entry_ajax),
     (r'^(?P<entry_id>\d+)/ajaj/json/$', entry_ajaj),

     (r'^(xml|json)/$', entry_list_api),
 )



/workshop/blog/views.py:



 from django.http import HttpResponse
 from django.core import serializers
 from django.utils import simplejson

 from workshop.blog.models import Entry, Comment

 def entry_ajax(request, entry_id):
     entry = Entry.objects.filter(id=entry_id)
     data = serializers.serialize('xml', entry)  

     return HttpResponse(data, mimetype='text/plain')  
 #    return HttpResponse(data, mimetype='appllication/xml')  

 def entry_ajaj(request, entry_id):
     entry = Entry.objects.filter(id=entry_id)
     data = serializers.serialize('json', entry, ensure_ascii=False)  

     return HttpResponse(data, mimetype='text/plain')  
 #    return HttpResponse(data, mimetype='appllication/json')  

 def entry_list_api(request, output):
     entries = Entry.objects.all()

     if output == 'json':
         data = serializers.serialize(output, entries, ensure_ascii=False)
     else:
         data = serializers.serialize(output, entries)

     return HttpResponse(data, mimetype='text/plain')  
 #    return HttpResponse(data, mimetype='appllication/%s' % output)


 $ python manage.py syncdb


Serializers


/workshop/bbs/views.py:



 from django.http import HttpResponse
 from django.core import serializers

 def serialize_sample(request, type):
     queryset = Models.objects.all()
     data = serializers.serialize(type, queryset)

     return HttpResponse(data, mimetype='application/%s' % type)



Warning


日本人は何も気にせずに ensure_ascii=False を設定しましょう。





Note


www.ymasuda.jp



    



Serializing Django objects: http://www.ymasuda.jp/python/django/docs/serialization.html






XML


/workshop/blog/views.py:



 def entry_ajax(request, entry_id):
     entry = Entry.objects.filter(id=entry_id)
     data = serializers.serialize('xml', entry)  

     return HttpResponse(data, mimetype='text/plain')  
 #    return HttpResponse(data, mimetype='appllication/xml')



/workshop/blog/urls.py:



 (r'^(?P<entry_id>\d+)/ajax/xml/$', entry_ajax),


xml:  http://localhost:8000/blog/1/ajax/xml/



 <?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
 <django-objects version="1.0">
   <object pk="1" model="blog.entry">
     <field type="CharField" name="title">ルースカップリング</field>
     <field to="auth.user" name="user" rel="ManyToOneRel">1</field>
     <field type="TextField" name="body">Django のスタックが目指す基本的なゴールはルースカップリングとタイトコヒージョンの実現にあります．フレームワークの様々なレイヤは，本当に必要な場合を除き，お互いの事情を知らなくてもよいという考え方です．
       例えば，テンプレートシステムは Web リクエストがどのようなものか関知せず，データベースレイヤはデータをどう表示するかに関知せず，ビューシステムはプログラマがどんなテンプレートシステムを使うかに関知しません．
       利便性のため， Django には全てのスタックがついてきますが，スタックの各部分は可能な限り互いに独立になっています．</field>
     <field type="DateTimeField" name="created">2006-11-30 23:06:08</field>
     <field type="DateTimeField" name="updated">2006-11-30 23:06:08</field>
   </object>
 </django-objects>


JSON


/workshop/blog/views.py:



 def entry_ajaj(request, entry_id):
     entry = Entry.objects.filter(id=entry_id)
     data = serializers.serialize('json', entry, ensure_ascii=False)  

     return HttpResponse(data, mimetype='text/plain')  
 #    return HttpResponse(data, mimetype='appllication/json')



/workshop/blog/urls.py:



 (r'^(?P<entry_id>\d+)/ajaj/json/$', entry_ajaj),


json:  http://localhost:8000/blog/1/ajaj/json/



 [
   {
     "pk": "1",
     "model": "blog.entry",
     "fields":
       {
         "body": "Django のスタックが目指す基本的なゴールはルースカップリングとタイトコヒージョンの実現にあります．フレームワークの様々なレイヤは，本当に必要な場合を除き，お互いの事情を知らなくてもよいという考え方です．\r\n\r\n例えば，テンプレートシステムは Web リクエストがどのようなものか関知せず，データベースレイヤはデータをどう表示するかに関知せず，ビューシステムはプログラマがどんなテンプレートシステムを使うかに関知しません．\r\n\r\n利便性のため， Django には全てのスタックがついてきますが，スタックの各部分は可能な限り互いに独立になっています．",
         "updated": "2006-11-30 23:06:08",
         "created": "2006-11-30 23:06:08",
         "user": 1,
         "title": "ルースカップリング"
       }
   }
 ]



Tip


www.ymasuda.jp



    



http://www.ymasuda.jp/python/django/docs/design_philosophies.html






JSON and XML


/workshop/blog/views.py:



 def entry_list_api(request, output):
     entries = Entry.objects.all()

     if output == 'json':
         data = serializers.serialize(output, entries, ensure_ascii=False)
     else:
         data = serializers.serialize(output, entries)

     return HttpResponse(data, mimetype='text/plain')  
 #    return HttpResponse(data, mimetype='appllication/%s' % output)



/workshop/blog/urls.py:



 (r'^(xml|json)/$', entry_list_api),


json or xml:  http://localhost:8000/blog/xml/

json or xml:  http://localhost:8000/blog/json/

Django and JSON
simplejson


/workshop/blog/urls.py:



 (r'^(?P<entry_id>\d+)/comments/json/$', comment_list_json),



/workshop/blog/views.py:



 def comment_list_json(request, entry_id):
     comments = Comment.objects.filter(entry__id=entry_id)
     data = [dict(name=c.name, url=c.url, body=c.body) for c in comments]
     values = simplejson.dumps(data, ensure_ascii=False) 

     return HttpResponse(values, mimetype='text/plain')
 #    return HttpResponse(simplejson.dumps(data), mimetype='application/json')



Note


A simple, fast, extensible JSON encoder and decoder



    



simplejson: http://svn.red-bean.com/bob/simplejson/tags/simplejson-1.3/docs/index.html






return json:  http://localhost:8000/blog/1/comments/json/



 [
   {
     "body": "models はパッケージではなくモジュールになったので，models の設計は，パッケージ中に複数のモジュールファイルを置いてモデル実装を収められるような設計から，単一のモジュールを使ったよりフラットな設計に有利になりました．",
     "url": "",
     "name": "ymasuda"
   },
   {
     "body": "django.views.generic.simple モジュールには，簡単なビューが入っていて，ビューロジックの必要がないときのレンダリングと，リダイレクトの発行というよくある二つのケースを処理できるようになっています:",
     "url": "http://www.ymasuda.jp/",
     "name": "ymasuda"
   }
 ]


Django and AJAX?

 $ mkdir static/js


 workshop/
   __init__.py
   manage.py
   settings.py
   urls.py
   templates/
     blog/
       base.html
       entry_list_jquery.html
       entry_list_yui.html
       entry_detail.html
   firststep/
   blog/
     __init__.py
     urls.py
     views.py
     models.py
   static/
     css/
     js/
       yui/
       yui-ext/
       jquery/



/workshop/settings.py:



 MEDIA_ROOT = os.path.join(os.path.dirname(__file__), 'static')



/workshop/urls.py:



 from django.conf.urls.defaults import *
 from django.conf import settings

 urlpatterns = patterns('',
     (r'^firststep/', include('workshop.firststep.urls')),
     (r'^blog/', include('workshop.blog.urls')),

     (r'^admin/', include('django.contrib.admin.urls')),
 )

 if settings.DEBUG:
     urlpatterns += patterns('',
         (r'^static/(?P<path>.*)$', 'django.views.static.serve',
          dict(document_root=settings.MEDIA_ROOT)),
     )



/workshop/blog/urls.py:



 from django.conf.urls.defaults import *
 from django.views.generic import list_detail

 from workshop.blog.models import Entry
 from workshop.blog.views import *

 entry_queryset = dict(queryset=Entry.objects.all())

 urlpatterns = patterns('',
     # Generic Views
     (r'^jquery/$', list_detail.object_list,
         dict(entry_queryset, template_name="blog/entry_list_jquery.html")),
     (r'^yui/$', list_detail.object_list,
         dict(entry_queryset, template_name="blog/entry_list_yui.html")),

     (r'^(?P<object_id>\d+)/$', list_detail.object_detail, entry_queryset),

     (r'^(?P<entry_id>\d+)/ajax/xml/$', entry_ajax),
     (r'^(?P<entry_id>\d+)/ajaj/json/$', entry_ajaj),

     (r'^(xml|json)/$', entry_list_api),
 )



/workshop/templates/blog/base.html:



 {% comment %}
 vim: syntax=htmldjango
 {% endcomment %}

 <!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN"
     "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd">
 <html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xml:lang="ja" lang="ja">
   <head>
     <meta http-equiv="Content-type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8" />
     <meta http-equiv="Content-Language" content="ja" />
     <title>{% block title %}{% endblock %}</title>
     {% block css %}
     {% endblock %}

     {% block importjs %}
     {% endblock %}

     {% block js %}
     {% endblock %}
   </head>
   <body>
     {% block body %}
     {% endblock %}
   </body>
 </html>


jQuery


$.getJSON:



/workshop/templates/blog/entry_list_jquery.html:



 {% comment %}
 vim: syntax=htmldjango
 {% endcomment %}

 {% extends "blog/base.html" %}

 {% block title %}Django and jQuery and JSON{% endblock %}

 {% block importjs %}
 <script type="text/javascript"
   src="/static/js/jquery/jquery.js"></script>
 {% comment %} 
 <script type="text/javascript"
   src="/static/js/jquery/jquery.pack.js"></script>
 {% endcomment %}
 {% endblock %}

 {% block js %}
 <script language="javaScript" type="text/javascript">
 $(function(){
   $.getJSON("/blog/json/", function(json){
     $.each(json, function(t){
       $("#" + this.pk).html(this.fields.body);
     });
   });
 });
 var getEntry = function(id){
   $("#" + id).toggle("slow");   
 }
 </script>
 {% endblock %}

 {% block body %}

 {% if object_list %}
 {% for object in object_list %}
 <p>
   <a href="#"
     onClick="getEntry({{ object.id }})">{{ object.title }}</a>
   <div id="{{ object.id }}" style="display: none;"></div>
 </p>
 {% endfor %}
 {% endif %}

 {% endblock %}


jQuery and JSON:  http://localhost:8000/blog/jquery/


Note


New Wave Javascrpit



    



JQuery: http://jquery.com/






YUI(Yahoo! User Interface)


YAHOO.util.Connect.asyncRequest:



/workshop/blog/urls.py:



 (r'^(?P<entry_id>\d+)/comments/json/$', comment_list_json),
 (r'^post/comment/$', post_comment),



/workshop/blog/views.py:



 def comment_list_json(request, entry_id):
     comments = Comment.objects.filter(entry__id=entry_id)
     data = dict(comments=[dict(id=str(c.id), author=c.name,
         date=c.created.strftime("%Y/%m/%d %H:%M:%S"),
             link=c.url, text=c.body) for c in comments])

     values = simplejson.dumps(data, ensure_ascii=False) 

     return HttpResponse(values, mimetype='text/plain')
 #    return HttpResponse(values, mimetype='application/json')

 def post_comment(request):
     if request.method == 'POST':
         new_data = request.POST.copy()
         name = new_data['author']
         url = new_data['url']
         body = new_data['comment']
         entry_id = new_data['postId']
         mail = new_data['email']

         e = Entry.objects.get(pk=entry_id)
         c = Comment(name=name, url=url, body=body, mail=mail, entry=e)
         c.save()

         data = dict(comments=[dict(id=str(c.id), author=c.name,
             date=c.created.strftime("%Y/%m/%d %H:%M:%S"),
                 link=c.url, text=c.body)])

         value = simplejson.dumps(data, ensure_ascii=False) 

         return HttpResponse(value, mimetype='text/plain')
     #    return HttpResponse(value, mimetype='application/json')

     return HttpResponse(value, mimetype='text/plain')



/workshop/templates/blog/entry_detail.html:



 {% comment %}
 vim: syntax=htmldjango ts=8 sw=2 sts=2
 {% endcomment %}

 {% extends "blog/base.html" %}

 {% block title %}{{ object.title }}{% endblock %}

 {% block importcss %}
 <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css"
   href="/static/css/yui-ext/resources/css/reset-min.css" />
 <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css"
   href="/static/css/yui-ext/resources/css/resizable.css" />
 <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css"
   href="/static/css/yui-ext/resources/css/tabs.css" />
 <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css"
   href="/static/css/yui-ext/resources/css/basic-dialog.css" />
 <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css"
   href="/static/css/yui-ext/resources/css/post.css" />
 {% endblock %}

 {% block importjs %}
 <script type="text/javascript"
   src="/static/js/yui/utilities/utilities.js"></script>
 <script type="text/javascript"
   src="/static/js/yui-ext/yui-ext.js"></script>
 {% endblock %}

 {% block js %}
 <script language="javaScript" type="text/javascript">
 var Comments = function(){
   var dialog, postLink, viewLink, txtComment;
   var tabs, commentsList, postBtn, renderer;
   var wait, error, errorMsg;
   var posting = false;

   return {
     init : function(){
       txtComment = getEl('comment');
       commentsList = getEl('comments-list');
       postLink = getEl('post-comment');
       viewLink = getEl('view-comments');
       wait = getEl('post-wait');
       error = getEl('post-error');
       errorMsg = getEl('post-error-msg');

       this.createDialog();

       postLink.addHandler('click', true, function(){
          tabs.activate('post-tab');
          dialog.show(postLink);
       });

       viewLink.addHandler('click', true, function(){
          tabs.activate('view-tab');
          dialog.show(viewLink);
       });      
     },

     submitComment : function(){
       postBtn.disable();
       wait.radioClass('active-msg');
       var formObj = document.getElementById('comment-form')
       var spam = YAHOO.util.Connect.setForm(formObj);

       var commentSuccess = function(o){
         postBtn.enable();
         var data = renderer.parse(o.responseText);
         if(data){
           wait.removeClass('active-msg');
           renderer.append(data.comments[0]);
           dialog.hide();
         }else{
           error.radioClass('active-msg');
           errorMsg.update(o.responseText);
         }
       };

       var commentFailure = function(o){
         postBtn.enable();
         error.radioClass('active-msg');
         errorMsg.update('Unable to connect.');
       };

       YAHOO.util.Connect.asyncRequest('post', '/blog/post/comment/',
         {success: commentSuccess, failure: commentFailure}, spam);     
     },

     createDialog : function(){
       dialog = new YAHOO.ext.BasicDialog("comments-dlg", {
           autoTabs:true,
           width:500,
           height:400,
           shadow:true,
           minWidth:300,
           minHeight:300
       });
       dialog.addKeyListener(27, dialog.hide, dialog);
       dialog.addButton('Close', dialog.hide, dialog);
       postBtn = dialog.addButton('Post', this.submitComment, this);

       dialog.on('hide', function(){
         wait.removeClass('active-msg');
         error.removeClass('active-msg');
         txtComment.dom.value = '';
       });

       tabs = dialog.getTabs();

       var sizeTextBox = function(){
         txtComment.setSize(dialog.size.width-44, dialog.size.height-264);
       };
       sizeTextBox();
       dialog.on('resize', sizeTextBox);

       tabs.on('tabchange', function(panel, tab){
         postBtn.setVisible(tab.id == 'post-tab');
       });

       renderer = new CommentRenderer(commentsList);
       var um = commentsList.getUpdateManager();
       um.setRenderer(renderer);

       var commentsLoaded = false;
       tabs.getTab('view-tab').on('activate', function(){
         if(!commentsLoaded){
           um.update('/blog/{{ object.id }}/comments/json/');
           commentsLoaded = true;
         }
       });
     }
   };
 }();

 var CommentRenderer = function(list){
   var tpl = new YAHOO.ext.DomHelper.Template(
       '<li id="comment-{id}">' +
       '<div class="cheader">' +
       '<div class="cuser">{author}:</div>' +
       '<div class="commentmetadata">{date}</div>' +
       '</div>{text}</li>'
   );

   this.parse = function(json){
     try{
       return eval('(' + json + ')');
     }catch(e){}
     return null;
   };

   this.render = function(el, response){
     var data = this.parse(response.responseText);
     if(!data || !data.comments || data.comments.length < 1){
       el.update('There are no comments for this post.');
       return;
     }
     el.update('');
     for(var i = 0, len = data.comments.length; i < len; i++){
       this.append(data.comments[i]);
     }
   };

   this.append = function(data){
     tpl.append(list.dom, data);
   };
 };
 YAHOO.ext.EventManager.onDocumentReady(Comments.init, Comments, true);
 </script>
 {% endblock %}

 {% block body %}
 <p>
   <h2>{{ object.title }}</h2>
   <p>{{ object.body|linebreaksbr }}</p>
   <div id="comment-box">
     <ul>
       <li><a id="post-comment" href="#">Post Comment</a></li>
       <li><a id="view-comments" href="#">View Comments</a></li>
     </ul>
   </div>
 </p>
 <!-- comments dialog -->
 <div id="comments-dlg" style="visibility:hidden;">
   <div class="ydlg-hd">Comments</div>
   <div class="ydlg-bd">
     <div id="post-tab" class="ydlg-tab" title="Post Comment">
       <div class="inner-tab">
         <form action="" method="post" id="comment-form" onsubmit="return false;">
         <input id="postId" type="hidden" name="postId" value="{{ object.id }}" />
         <p>
         <label for="author"><small>Name</small></label>
         <input class="textinput" type="text"
           name="author" id="author" value="" size="22" tabindex="1" />
         </p>
         <p><label for="email"><small>E-mail (will not be published)</small></label>
         <input class="textinput" type="text"
           name="email" id="email" value="" size="22" tabindex="2" />
         </p>

         <p><label for="url"><small>Website</small></label>
         <input class="textinput" type="text"
           name="url" id="url" value="" size="22" tabindex="3" />
         </p>
         <p>
         <label for="comment"><small>Comment</small></label>
         <textarea name="comment" id="comment" tabindex="4" cols="40" rows="10"></textarea>
         </p>
         </form>
       </div>
     </div>
     <div id="view-tab" class="ydlg-tab" title="View Comments">
       <ul id="comments-list" class="inner-tab">
       </ul>
     </div>
   </div>
   <div class="ydlg-ft">
     <div id="dlg-msg">
       <span id="post-error" class="posting-msg">
       <img src="/static/images/warning.gif"
       width="16" height="16" align="absmiddle" />
       &nbsp;<span id="post-error-msg"></span></span>
       <span id="post-wait" class="posting-msg">
       <img src="/static/css/yui-ext/resources/images/grid/loading.gif"
       width="16" height="16" align="absmiddle" />
       &nbsp;Posting Comment...</span>
     </div>
   </div>
 </div>
 {% endblock %}


YUI and JSON:  http://localhost:8000/blog/yui/


Note


Yahoo! User Interface Library



    



Yahoo! UI Library (YUI):






http://developer.yahoo.com/yui/index.html



    
    



yui-ext Documentation Center:






http://www.yui-ext.com/deploy/yui-ext/docs/






et cetera
Windows


Windowsで時間がおかしいのを修正するパッチ:




Timezone bug in development server using a Windows environment
    
    


http://code.djangoproject.com/ticket/2315





Japanese Validator


日本語用のバリデータサンプルです:



 from django.core import validators
 from django.conf import settings
 import re

 zen_num = re.compile(u'[\uFF10-\uFF19]')
 zen_kana = re.compile(u'[\u30A1-\u30F6]')
 zen_hira = re.compile(u'[\u3041-\u3093]')

 han_kana = re.compile(u'[\uFF61-\uFF9F]')
 def isNotIncludeHalfWidthKatakana(field_data, all_data):
     from_data = unicode(field_data, settings.DEFAULT_CHARSET)
     if han_kana.search(from_data) is not None:
         raise validators.ValidationError(_('Half-width Kana characters'
                                            'are not allowed.'))

Entry Detail:	http://localhost:8000/blog/1/
Page not found (404):	http://localhost:8000/blog/10/

Entry Detail and Filter:	http://localhost:8000/blog/filter/1/
Entry Detail not Filter:	http://localhost:8000/blog/1/

json or xml:	http://localhost:8000/blog/xml/
json or xml:	http://localhost:8000/blog/json/